The outsourcing of ICT by Tesco

The outsourcing of ICT by Tesco Outsourcing ICT is quite commonly used by organizations as an approach to strategic management. Assess the advantages and disadvantages that outsourcing can bring in developing effective uses of information systems in an organization such as Tesco. Tescos used effectively its resources and capabilities (strength) and developed a competitive advantage over its rivals Asda and Sainbury in the retail trade. Tesco as a supermarket chain dominates the UK by keeping prices low, and having the ability to keep competitiveness high. Tesco is the UK most successful retailer. Its strengths are the powerful retail brand name, customers loyalty, trusting customers, financial power, stores, the Tescos Clubcard, etc. Tesco is part of the wider general retail market because the group has about the 20% of the grocery market and 5% of non food by moving to market place where the margins are higher. The group of Tesco sells also books, electrical products, clothing, and CDs (16% of the market). Tescos weaknesses are: lack of the experience and expertise in several areas, large infrastructure demands, the diversity of products and no free cash for innovation. External environmental factors keep giving great opportunities in broad retail as well to new market areas. Although Tescos share of total retail market is 12,3% the group believes that there is a lot far to go. Tesco targets its over-priced high street rivals tries to increase the market share and take the opportunities in broad retailing. In the last ten years the group was suffering by falling sales, slow profit growth, depressed share price because of the entering of continental Europe in UK. But this was not the only threat from the external environment. Hypermarkets from the other side of Channel, French hypermarkets (20-25% of the electric market), dealings between rivals, fear of losing customers, bid from Asda to buy Safeway are threats too. Wal-Marts move to UK was made so Tesco lose its home market. As Sir Terry says and the size of Tesco is no protection. The competitive environment influenced the process of strategic decision making. Tesco focused on growth strategies for existing and new products, in existing and new markets. Always tries to increase market share as well to find additional markets or expand in new geographical regions with more customers and markets new and riskier areas of growth. Since 1995 Tesco became market leader by developing the marketing, the Value range and the Clubcard loyalty. Tesco in our day has grown from efficient grocery operation to a non-stop supplier of everything and sells in ten countries as well China. Tescos strategy focuses on the core UK grocery business, non food, international expansion and retailing services as finance services dotcom business and telecommunications packages. Tescos effective strategic management helped in operate and respond in new challenges and carry out its competitive strategy. http://www.allbusiness.com/management/2975129-1.html Today everybody knows about the Tescos intention to remain a market leader with concentration of power. For staying in that position and multiply the sales it is necessary to focus on customer service. Gathered information from the external market, analysing opportunities and strengths forced Tesco to change to be more competitive and have stronger capability by adapting new strategy http://www.pim.com.pk/faq.htm#Str%20Mgt The results of two research projects showed that the customers were not satisfied and the levels of staff morale were suffering. Fundamental decisions and a set of actions should be undertaken with a focus on the future conditions. http://www.allbusiness.com/management/2975129-1.html The best way to respond, reach the goals and achieve results was to engage a team from Trilogy a three member consortium of specialist consulting companies. The joint Tesco/Trilogy team developed the Living Service Programme a 26 weeks process, undertaken by 660 stores and seven core components. Tesco used its strong and stable core and decided improvements to the processes by using outsourcing ICT It was very expensive to use and grow up Tescos IT infrastructure while outsourcing ICT was a very good solution. In our days as technology advances, organizations try to change their needs and stay ahead of their competitors. Outsourcing ICT is the international migration of service employment of information and communication technologies (ICT). New entry countries try to gain a share in this new highly competitive and dynamic market. Governments set the rules for the best result of their companies benefit. Now available knowledge is been transferred anywhere. http://www.unece.org/press/pr2004/04ireedd_p08e.htm Information and communication technology (ICT) consists of all-technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including computer, network, hardware and software. The advantages of outsourcing ICT are: Outsourcing ICT gives the organization the flexibility to get expert, skilled service and experienced people or teams. The outsourcing partner is specialized in that particular business process and gives technical support Outsourcing ICT gives access to world capabilities. Outsourcing ICT companies with a full support contract provide fast services with high skilled people and assets needed and reduce the organizations risks http://www.gen-i.co.nz/services/Pages/ICTOutsourcing.aspx There is no need to make investments in technology, methodology, infrastructure or on training costs, while these savings in time and money will increase revenue, profit, productivity and much more http://www.gen-i.co.nz/services/Pages/ICTOutsourcing.aspx .the organizations may gain a competitive edge in the market and may provide the best services to the customers who will be impressed with the high quality services. The operating costs (research, development, marketing and deployment) are reduced and the completive advantage may be increased with improvements in measures as cost, quality, service and speed. there are more profitable and productive activities, .with outsourcing ICT the operation functions may be carried out by outsider experts. http://www.gen-i.co.nz/services/Pages/ICTOutsourcing.aspx Tesco is using its strong and stable core functions efficiently in house, focus on core subjects, increase the profits while the non-core companys functions will be performed by the outsourcing partner (Trilogy) Organization as Tesco businesses may find a team or a partner for support their network management, helpdesk and server operations Outsourcing ICT is growing in EU as well in other continents. International outsourcing ICT in emerging market countries enables the organizations to find services with lower cost far away with well trained staff as engineers, programmers, IT technicians and pay them with lower wages http://www.unece.org/press/pr2004/04ireedd_p08e.htm http://www.ihotdesk.com/outsourcing.html Very often the employees dont work efficiently or dont use the computer application or the technical support is not enough. The small organizations prefer outsourcing ICT because they dont want fixed costs and the large organizations use outsourcing ICT because they need skilled people http://www.ihotdesk.com/outsourcing.html The organization may search for lower cost, high quality, and deliver effective manage service http://www.unece.org/press/pr2004/04ireedd_p08e.htm http://www.ihotdesk.com/outsourcing.html The disadvantages of outsourcing ICT are: The outsourcing ICT main disadvantage is that many employees may lose their jobs because the outsourcing partner is specialized in that particular business process and gives technical support. This unemployment usually come from North America and Western Europe. http://www.unece.org/press/pr2004/04ireedd_p08e.htm In some contracts may be not any quality defined due to low price. Under these circumstances the service and the buyer-supplier communication are poor. In offshore outsourcing people are hired with less money. The organizations productivity depends on these employees. Confidentiality of the information being transferred to the outsourcing firm is very important but any theft may occur. In that strategic management there is a risk. Some outsource ICT dont follow the signed contract http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1347866 The effective uses of Information Systems in an organization are many. The IS handles the flow of information, supports the organizations decision, helps to analyze complex problems and helps the organization to expand into global markets. Effective information systems deal with the development, use and management of an organizations IT infrastructure. The IS components are human resources, technical service, managers, computer programmers, operators, analysts and designers. In the organization, information about production, customers, sales and others may be distributed and help the organizations executives and the management. The most effective use of Information systems is that influence the organizations performance without caring about increasing the sales or introducing new products. Also Information systems are related with the organizations growth strategies. http://www.igi-global.com/Bookstore/Article.aspx?TitleId=43003 What do you understand by Knowledge management and knowledge management systems. Analyse how useful such a system could be to Tesco and why it is often difficult to persuade employees to use such systems. Knowledge management (KM) includes ies and practices used by an organization to identify, create, share and distribute the knowledge. Knowledge is a resource that the organization uses to make significant investments in the latest technology systems and infrastructure to support knowledge management. Organizations like Tesco have these resources which are part of their business strategy. Individuals try to encode their knowledge into a shared database. This reduce time and cost. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_management Collection of data is not information but the pieces of data. Data represents facts or results. Information is a statistic in time. Relation between data and other relation represents information which may be figures about market size, customers needs, current production capacity etc. It becomes knowledge when an individual may understand the results patterns of relations of data and information and other patterns represent knowledge. This gives the opportunity to estimate. When someone understands the principles then there is wisdom. Knowledge management captures and understands how all these knowledge can be together and given to others in order to be effectiveness. http://www.systems-thinking.org/kmgmt/kmgmt.htm Knowledge management is getting the right information, to the right people at the right time in order to do the right actions. Innovations may be necessary. http://www.pim.com.pk/faq.htm#Str%20Mgt Knowledge management systems (KMS) is a class of IS and refers to manage of knowledge. KMS supports creation and transfers the application of knowledge in organizations. Effective development and implementation of KMS requires a foundation of several rich literatures that exists in different related fields. KMS enables employees to have ready access to the organizations documented base of facts, sources of information and solutions. Software tools are a collection of technologies not necessary acquired as a single software solution added to the existing information technology infrastructure. This is a great investment in the latest technology, systems and infrastructure supports the KM. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_management Knowledge management systems (KMS) is a generally IT system for managing knowledge. Sharing the information widely and distributed databases new ideas come in mind for new or improved equipment. Employees have access to organizations documents, source of information and solutions. Users are active, participate in knowledge networks. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_management_system Categories: Hypertext How useful such a system could be to Tesco Knowledge is information which may be transferred in the organization by a common database. Employees are allowed to obtain knowledge, expertise, get ideas relevant to their work and know how to work efficiently. Cultural change is very important capital for the organization and drives to managing innovation facilitating the organization learning across the organization and solves difficult problems. Sharing valuable information the employees avoid non sense works and training time. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_management_system

Pram Lady and Forbidden Clothes

An important idea in both â€Å"The Pram Lady† by Vivien Alcock and â€Å"Forbidden Clothes† by Jamila Gavin is how people are unaccepting of differences. This is important to me because people should be able to be themselves without being hassled or excluded, also because people my age are not very accepting of others' differences. In the â€Å"Pram Lady† Helena does not accept the way her mother dresses and behaves. She want her mum to be like other mums with â€Å"dyed hair and a perm† because it reflects badly on her. When William, Helena's new boyfriend, sees Helena's mother and doesn't realize who she is he makes a rude comment about her appearance: â€Å"God, what a fright! What a ridiculous creature! † Helena reacts to this by running away from him and telling him she never wants to see or speak to him again. Even though Helena's mother is â€Å"enormously fat† and wears stained clothes, Helena still will not associate with people who disrespect her mother. This shows us that Helena herself has not accepted her mother for the way she is. From this, I learnt that I should not be so quick to judge others before getting to know them because personality shines through and is the most important thing. Oddly, though Helena doesn't want people saying rude things about her mother, she says those things herself. Helena's mother doesn't mind what people think about her and tells Helena that she should just laugh with her friends when they see her. Helena just wants her mother to be normal, when Helen tells her mum this she responds by saying â€Å"But that's what you want, isn't it, Helena? An ordinary mother like your friends have. † Over time Helena gets stressed by the fact her mother forgets to do regular things like wearing unstained clothes. This doesn't work for either of them because Helena is always worried about her mother and her mother is forced to change into something she isn't to please Helena. I relate to this because girls my age sometimes don't except people for their flaws. Reading this short story made me feel that I should wait until I know someone before judging them. As is in â€Å"The Pram Lady†, â€Å"Forbidden Clothes† also shows the way people are made to feel like outsiders because they have differences from their peers. Nasreen, a girl who is living in the UK never felt different in Pakistan,

Frederick Clegg †A Study in Psychopathy Essay

Throughout the whole book Frederick enjoys his loneliness which occurred due to his abnormal upbringing. Fredericks was guided through life by his uncle whom he sincerely adored and who has become his spiritual life leader. Frederick deeply suffered after his death and didn’t manage to build such strong relationships that he used to have before. Frederick has many psychological drawbacks. Since his childhood, he has been let down and abandoned several times: My father was killed driving. I was two. †¦ He was drunk, but Aunt Annie always said it was my mother that drove him to drink. They never told me what really happened, but she went off soon after and left me with Aunt Annie, she only wanted an easy time. [†¦ ] I don’t care now, if she is still alive, I don’t want to meet her, I’ve got no interest. [†¦] So I was brought up by Aunt Annie and Uncle Dick with their daughter Mabel. Truly, these cases of death and abandonment have influenced him radically. One can easily suppose that he is feared to be re-abandoned and this is a reason why he doesn’t want to risk the option that Miranda abandons him when she is ill. That’s why, Frederick chooses to reject the medical treatment. Surely, he would be accused and imprisoned if she would tell somebody about the kidnapping, but due to the fact that he does not express any fear of being imprisoned, it is more likely that he is more scared of loneliness. Probably the two fears are somehow connected, which is why Frederick refuses to provide Miranda with medical help. His inadequate behavior clearly demonstrates his psychopathic personal traits. In fact, Frederick is sanctimonious person and snob. While looking at other people he experiences antipathy because the way they communicate, organize their daily life and accept him do not coincide with his world view. Frederick is too lazy to do anything to change this situation. He keeps distance with his co-workers and ignores everything which is not included in his life. It can be noticed from the first page that Frederick is quite strange young fellow who perceives surrounding environment in negativity. Due to the fact the he was brought up in a small town experiencing the lack of comfort, knowledge, and chances, he became unable to experience true human feelings like sympathy, and sacrifice. If Frederick Clegg had been a real figure, he would have been diagnosed with the following psychopathic symptoms: †¢ Sex life impersonal, trivial, and poorly integrated: Frederick’s sexual relationships with Miranda could have been developed faster and more productively if only he had not been so handicapped. He treated Miranda as an object and his absolute possession having dominating behavior rather than having equal relationships person with distinct social intentions and needs. †¢ Unresponsiveness in general interpersonal relations Emotional coldness and disinterest in unrelated to his lifestyle events and notions are common to people with certain psychological disorders due to the fact that they are narrowly oriented on one single person/object/notion. †¢ Pathologic egocentricity and incapacity for love From the point of view of psychology and psychopathy the only one person truly and deeply adored by Frederick is he himself. Having higher priority set of his own actions, he thus sincerely justified his right to receive premium quality relationships, attitudes, and life in general. †¢ Poor judgment and failure to learn by experience Frederick is characterized by having irrational thinking and inability to analyze and therefore correct his behavior. †¢ Inadequately motivated antisocial behavior Some medical researchers and analysts have applied the notion of spiritual, psychological, and social suicide in case with Frederick. †¢ Lack of remorse and shame Absence of regret, sorrow, or embarrassment emerges from his total confidence in the soundness of his actions, thoughts, and intentions. †¢ Unreliability Failure to establish healthy relationships with psychologically adequate people results in his inability to function as a reliable person. †¢ Absence of nervousness or psychoneurotic manifestations Frederick’s case is different from any other psychological disorder such as psychoneurotics, aggressive sexual behavior, etc. (Mossen 44). Clegg possesses these psychopathic personality traits because he cares little about others. A number of medical analysts claim that Frederick Clegg should be considered to be sociopath rather than psychopath. The difference between these two notions is reflected in the fact that sociopathy develops from negative sociological factors like low social status, financial non-satisfaction, and illegal environment, while psychopathy is ingenerate disease being nurtured by impulsivity, high/low intelligence, and failure to accept social norms and generally establish behavioral rules. He is so selfish he can’t accept any rejections which can be understood from his attitude towards Miranda. The phrase ‘she was mine’ explains everything he felt for Miranda whom he treats just like one of his butterflies that has to be taken care of. After he captures the girl he is overwhelmed by the mind-blowing feeling for possessing what he has cherished such a long time.. Frederick may be emotionally and sexually described as having total lack of sexual attraction. ‘ A statement made by Frederick right after Miranda’s death explains much of himself in terms of his mentally unhealthy character: â€Å"I thought I was acting for the best and within rights†. First of all, Frederick didn’t have good intentions. Although Frederick did not consider Miranda’s disease to be true for the first couple of days, and even after it appeared to be such he didn’t start looking for help. This proves that he was not acting within his rights. Also, the fact of kidnapping itself is far from being human and cannot be justified. This statement demonstrates the absolute egocentricity and brutality of Frederick. It would also be appropriate to note that he was repeatedly treating Miranda as his guest. It is the evidence of unhealthy Frederick’s character as Miranda is forced to spend time at his place rather than volunteering visiting him. All of these things, as well as various others contribute to a sharp audience response that makes the theme of the story become more evident. (Holland 97). Irony may also be noticed in the issue of freedom relating Frederick and Miranda â€Å"relationships†. In fact, Miranda is kept locked, however, it does not mean that she is limited in her mind and soul. Frederick’s mind level is very limited, he is close to anyone else’s ideas which can be seen from his inability to recognize and understand Miranda’s attraction to art. One more significant discussion going on in the story was the conversation about the book ‘The catcher in the rye. ‘ Frederick fails to understand the meaning as he perceives it as a mess and doesn’t like the way the main character talks in it. It set a vivid contrast with Miranda and illustrates to what extent she is free regardless of the fact of her imprisonment. She is eager to learn everything new that surrounds her. She is an open-minded lady and her skill to deeply interpret others’ thought and feelings are based on her own thinking and analysis. (Nicklette 87). Frederick is a character with little knowledge of what love and human relationships are. That’s why he does not know what he really wants from relationships with the girl. What he strives for is clarity, excellence and exceptionality: â€Å"I always thought of her like that, I mean words like elusive and sporadic, and very refined – not like the other ones, even the pretty ones. † As indicated above, it is wholesome and perfect love that Frederick strives for. He rejects females who have had active sexual life and is always disgusted by them. His â€Å"perfect match† is â€Å"pure† just as he considers himself. Here he reveals what in psychopathy is called grandiose sense of perfection. (Mossen 1995). He picks a prostitute, and explains his sexual inability by saying that the female was not compatible with his imaginary woman: â€Å"I was too nervous, I tried to be as if I knew all about it and of course she saw, she was old and she was horrible, horrible. I mean, both in the filthy way she behaved and in looks. She was worn, common† . This statement does not only show Frederick’s idea of what real women should be like, but it also opens his low self-confidence. Throughout the story, the audience can feel Fredericks’s inferiority complex and with the example of what Frederick thinks of Miranda’s surrounding environment: â€Å"The only times I didn’t have nice dreams about her being when I saw her with a certain young man, a loud noisy public-school type who had a sports car† . It is obvious that he is jealous of the â€Å"young man with a sports car†, not only because of Miranda, but also because he does not belong to the upper crust of the society. In his storytelling, Frederick states that he people from the upper class disgust him: I remember a night we went out and had supper at a posh restaurant [†¦] Everything in the room seemed to look down at us because we weren’t brought up their way. [†¦] If you ask me, London’s all arranged for the people who can act like public schoolboys, and you don’t get anywhere if you don’t have the manner born and the right la-di-da voice – I mean rich people’s London, the West End, of course. † There is also some expression â€Å"la-di-da† that is oftentimes used by Frederick. Oxford English Dictionary Online states that â€Å"la-di-da† stands for â€Å"A derisive term for one who affects gentility; a ‘swell’†. He also addresses upper crust men as â€Å"public schoolboys†, and typically continues by illustrating them as loud, stupid and egotistical. It would be appropriate to note how Frederick at the beginning does not seem to take Miranda as a lady from the upper crust, but later on he changes his mind: â€Å"Of course it was very educated, but it wasn’t la-di-da, it wasn’t slimy, she didn’t beg the cigarettes or like demand them, she just asked for them in an easy way and you didn’t have any class feeling† . At the beginning this is the way he describes Miranda and, in this case, her voice. After Miranda’s death, Frederick says: â€Å"I ought to have seen that I could never get what I wanted from someone like Miranda, with all her la-di-da ideas and clever tricks† . Apparently, Frederick’s feelings for Miranda have changed. He finally is able to understand the social difference between Miranda and him, and its importance, but not until just before Miranda dies: â€Å"There was always class between us† . Due to his low social background, Frederick cannot truly see himself as someone climbing upwards on social ladder after he has won some money. His inability to accept of upper crust behavior has very strong roots in his head. When Miranda pushes him to donate money to charity, he refuses, and expresses openly what he thinks about this idea: â€Å"I know rich people give sums, but in my opinion they do it to get their names published or to dodge the tax-man† . When Frederick refers to people of the upper crust, he has a very cynical opinion. Both Frederick and Miranda stay totally the same as the plot moves forward, although sometimes Miranda seems to be rather passive in development. There can be found rather clear markers in the novel that demonstrates a development, especially in the case of Frederick. At the beginning, he is shown as an innocent, naive young fellow who is somewhat socially isolated. (Russel 129). Frederick has a very romantic view of love and relationships at that time, the type of romantic love we can read about in books, for instance, in Romeo and Juliet: â€Å"I can’t say what it was, the very first time I saw her, I knew she was the only one. [†¦] I used to have daydreams about her, I used to think of stories where I met her, did things she admired, married her and all that. Nothing nasty, that was never until what I’ll explain later† . Frederick has turned from naive young fellow with low social skills to an compulsive, heartless serial killer. Fowles does not state that Frederick will become a serial killer, but the way he lets Frederick think about kidnapping another young lady after Miranda’s death gives the reader the feeling that the story has not yet come to an end. Nonetheless, Frederick is still very naive when it comes to death and life. â€Å"The Great Beyond† as an idiom for death suggests a romantic mind, but his belief in aspirin as the best way kill him is rather unreasonable. Works Cited †¢ Daniels, John. Literature XX. London: Ranfield Books, 2004. †¢ Fowles, John. The Collector. New York: Pocket Books, 2000. †¢ Fernando, Eric. Literature Today. Chicago: Chicago Publishing, 1999. †¢ Holland, Mark. Literature Analysis. New York: Penguin, 2003. †¢ Kelly, Bob. John Fowles. Biography. New York: Maison Book, 1995. †¢ Mossen, Steve. The Collector. Analysis. New York: Maison Book, 1995. †¢ Nicklette, Brebis. European Literature. Psychological Overview. Chicago: Chicago Publishing, 1997. †¢ Powels, Eric. History of World Literature. Oxford: Oxford Press, 1996. †¢ Russel, Brandon. Literature. Synopsis. New York: Maison Book, 1995. †¢ Oxford English Dictionary. â€Å"La-di-da†. 21 Feb. 2007

Hip Hop Culture Has Influenced The Lives And Identities Of...

Over the last four decades, hip hop culture has influenced the lives and identities of many youth throughout the world. Depending on their geographical location and socioeconomic backgrounds, youth have experienced this worldwide culture differently. One similarity amongst these selective groups of adolescents is the political freedom that has come with engaging in the hip hop scene. Hip hop allows Black youth in the United States, immigrant youth in France, and Afro-Cuban youth in Cuba to express criticism toward the racial marginalization that they face in order to gain the equality that society prohibits them from acquiring. Hip hop has evolved into a source of activism and inspiration that allows Black youth to address the flaws within the criminal justice system and simultaneously comfort the audience of color who experience such discrimination. Today, hip hop artists, including Kendrick Lamar a rapper from Compton, California, practice musical and visual activism. Lamar’s song â€Å"Alright† incorporates heartfelt emotion, and lyrics including â€Å"Alls my life I has to fight† and â€Å"Wanna kill us dead in the street fo sho†. Lamar demonstrates that even though he has become a well recognized and greatly admired rapper within the hip hop culture, he continues to face racial subordination in a society who claims that racism was left in the past. The bold and chastising lyrics highlight his resentment toward the â€Å"po-po† that yearn to kill Blacks, but also creates a notion of hopeShow MoreRelatedHip Hop Rap Music And Subculture1643 Words   |  7 Pages Hip-hop Rap Music and Subculture The topic I have chosen for this review is the association between a particular music genre and a subculture. In particular, the issue of focus is the association of the hip-hop rap genre with the black youth subculture in America. As a youth subculture, hip-hop emerged in the 1970s from New York City’s borough of the Bronx. 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